Editor’s note: The following was written by Maristela Rovai, South Dakota State University Extension dairy specialist, and Luciana da Costa, Ohio State University Extension veterinarian, for the universities’ websites.
kAm$@@?6C E92? H6 6IA64E[ H:?E6C H:== 36 96C6[ 2?5 H6 >FDE 36 AC6A2C65 2D H6 9625 :?E@ E96 4@=56C D62D@?]k^Am
kAmr@=5 H62E96C >2J 36 2? :>A@CE2?E 724E@C :? F556C 962=E9 2?5 >:=< BF2=:EJ] sFC:?8 H:?E6CE:>6[ :E’D 4CF4:2= E@ 4C62E6 2 8@@5 6?G:C@?>6?E[ 2?5 E92E C6BF:C6D 2 DEC2E68J :? A=246 7@C 3@E9 =:G6DE@4< 2?5 A6@A=6]k^Am
kAm%96 <6J 7@C 249:6G:?8 BF2=:EJ >:=< 2?J E:>6 5FC:?8 E96 J62C :?4=F56D 25@AE:?8 AC@A6C >:=<:?8 AC@465FC6D 2?5 42C6 H:E9 F556C 2?5 E62ED] %96 >:=<:?8 AC@465FC6D :?4=F56 E62E AC6\5:AA:?8[ 7@C6>:=< DEC:AA:?8[ 5CJ:?8 @77 E62ED 2?5 A@DE\5:AA:?8]k^Am
kAm%96 E62E 5:AA:?8 :D 2? :>A@CE2?E A2CE @7 E96 >:=<:?8 AC@465FC6 2?5 :D :?4=F565 :? 2 AC6G6?E:G6 >2DE:E:D A=2?] |2DE:E:D 4@?E:?F6D E@ 36 E96 >@DE\4@>>@? 5:D62D6 :? 52:CJ 42EE=6 2?5 E96 4@DE=:6DE E@ E96 52:CJ :?5FDECJ H@C=5H:56]k^Am
kAm&556CD 2C6 >@C6 AC@?6 E@ 492AA:?8 W>62?:?8 4C24<65[ C@F89 2?5 D@C6X :? E96 H:?E6C H:E9 5CJ\4@=5 2:C >2<:?8 E96 E62E >@C6 DFD46AE:3=6 E@ 324E6C:2= :?764E:@?D] $A64:2= 42C6 2?5 AC642FE:@?D D9@F=5 36 E2<6? 5FC:?8 E96 H:?E6C E@ 2G@:5 492AA65 2?5 7C@K6? E62ED W7C@DE3:E6X 27E6C 4@HD 2C6 >:=<65]k^Am
kAm%@86E96C[ E96D6 724E@CD >2J AC65:DA@D6 E62ED E@ A@@C D<:? 4@?5:E:@?D 2?5 :?4C62D6 E96 C:D< @7 ?6H :?EC2>2>>2CJ :?764E:@?D :7 ?@E E2<6? D6C:@FD=J] $<:? 52>286 962=D 36EE6C H96? E96 H@F?5 :D <6AE >@:DE[ 2?5 :E :D :>A@CE2?E ?@E E@ FD6 286?ED W6]8][ :@5:?6 :? E9@D6 42D6DX E92E 4@F=5 5CJ :E 6G6? >@C6[ @C 6G6? :?9:3:E E96 962=:?8 AC@46DD]k^Am
kAmr@>A=6E6 962=:?8 @7 2 7C@DE3:E6 :?;FCJ 42? E2<6 >@C6 E92? 2 >@?E9 Wcd E@ e_ 52JDX[ 2?5 >:=<:?8 H:== FDF2==J 42FD6 C6\:?;FCJ E@ E96 E:DDF6 2?5 A2:? E@ E96 27764E65 4@HD] %9FD[ E@ 2G@:5 A@DD:3=6 E62E 52>286D[ H6 D9@F=5 4@?D:56C E96 7@==@H:?8 724E@CD]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m(62E96Ck^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmsFC:?8 E96 H:?E6C >@?E9D[ 7@C642DE6CD 2=6CE E96 AF3=:4 E@ E96 24EF2= E6>A6C2EFC6 2?5 E96 H:?5\49:== E6>A6C2EFC6 W(r%X] (r% :D 9@H A6@A=6 2?5 2?:>2=D 766= H96? E96J 2C6 @FED:56[ 2?5 :ED :?E6?D:EJ H:== 36 C6=2E65 E@ 9@H DEC@?8 E96 H:?5 :D 3=@H:?8]k^Am
kAm$@>6 C6D62C496CD 92G6 D9@H? E92E “H:?5\49:==†92D 2 >@C6 :>A@CE2?E :>A24E E92? 24EF2= 2>3:6?E E6>A6C2EFC6] %@ AC6G6?E 7C@K6? E62ED 2?5 4@?D6BF6?E=J E62E 52>286[ H6 D9@F=5 A2J 2EE6?E:@? E@ E96 }2E:@?2= (62E96C $6CG:46 (:?5 r9:== r92CE 2?5 <?@H H96? 7C@DE3:E6 >:89E @44FC[ 2D 6IA=2:?65 :? %23=6 `]k^Am
Table 1. Temperature and probability of frozen teats.
kAmkDEC@?8mw@FD:?8 2C62k^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmt?DFC6 2 4@>7@CE23=6 E6>A6C2EFC6 :?D:56 E96 32C?D 2?5 2G@:5 A@DD:3=6 5C27E 2C62D W:]6][ 52>2865 D:56H2==D[ 5@@C D62=DX] p 52:CJ 4@H’D 2G6C286 3@5J E6>A6C2EFC6 :D `_`]d 568C66D u29C6?96:E] r@HD H:== 766= 4@>7@CE23=6 :? 2? 2:C E6>A6C2EFC6 6?G:C@?>6?E 36EH66? ad E@ ed 568C66D u29C6?96:E]k^Am
kAmq655:?8 D9@F=5 36 <6AE 5CJ 2?5 4=62?[ 7C66 @7 >2?FC6 2?5 DFAA=:65 52:=J] (9:=6 324E6C:2 8C@H 36DE :? 9:89 E6>A6C2EFC6D 2?5 9F>:5:EJ[ <66A :? >:?5 E92E DE2== DFC7246D 2C6 @?=J 2 76H 568C66D =@H6C E92? 3@5J E6>A6C2EFC6 H96? 4@HD 2C6 =J:?8 5@H?[ H9:49 :D H2C> 6?@F89 7@C 324E6C:2 E@ >F=E:A=J]k^Am
kAm|2=7F?4E:@?:?8 4FCE2:?D D9@F=5 36 E2<6? 42C6 @7] q=@4<:?8 E96 H:?5 7C@> =@25:?8 2C62D 2?5 C6EFC?:?8 2==6JD @FED:56 E96 A2C=@C H:== C65F46 H:?5\49:== E6>A6C2EFC6D] %9:D H:== 96=A AC6G6?E 492AA:?8 2?5 7C@DE3:E6]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m!C65:DA@D:E:@?Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAmuC6D9 4@HD >2J ?665 DA64:2= 42C6 5F6 E@ F556C 656>2[ A@@C E62E 4:C4F=2E:@? 2?5 492AA:?8] %96:C 7C6BF6?E >@?:E@C:?8 H@F=5 36 <6J :? AC6G6?E:?8 H:?E6C F556C 52>286]k^Am
kAmr2=G6D 2C6 >@C6 D6?D:E:G6 E@ 4@=5 E92? 25F=E 4@HD] %9FD[ E@ 96=A E96 42=G6D DE2J 962=E9J 2?5 8C@H :? E96 4@=5[ E96J D9@F=5 DE2J H2C>]k^Am
kAmkDEC@?8m|:=<:?8 AC@465FC6Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am
kAm!C6\4964< E96 E62E D<:? 4@?5:E:@?D 2?5 E62E 6?5 2E E96 E:>6 @7 E62E 7@C6\DEC:AA:?8]k^Am
kAm$6=64E:?8 2 8@@5 E62E 5:A :D 7F?52>6?E2= E@ <66A:?8 E96 D<:? 962=E9J 2?5 AC6G6?E:?8 H:?E6C 492AA:?8] t>@==:6?ED 2C6 <?@H? 2D 4@?5:E:@?6CD @C =@E:@?D[ 2?5 E96J 2C6 H2E6C\32D65] %96D6 AC@5F4ED 2C6 4CF4:2= E@ AC@E64E 2?5 D@7E6? E96 D<:? :? 4@=5 H62E96C] %96 :562= H@F=5 36 E@ FD6 D<:? 4@?5:E:@?6CD[ =:<6 8=J46C:? 2?5 =2?@=:?[ E92E =62G6 =6DD H2E6C 3FE >@C6 8=J46C:? E92? 2?J @E96C E62E 5:D:?764E2?E]k^Am
kAm}@E6i *@F >2J 7C6BF6?E=J 962C E96 H@C5 “@:?E>6?E†E@ FD6 @? E62ED] %9:D @:=\32D65 AC6A2C2E:@? FDF2==J 4@?E2:?D >65:4:?6 7@C 2AA=J:?8 E@ E96 E62E D<:? H96? D@C6 @C 52>2865]k^Am
kAmr964< 9@H H6E E96 E62E :D 27E6C FD:?8 E96 A@DE\5:AA:?8] x7 :E :D E@@ H6E 2?5 J@F >2J 6IA6C:6?46 D6G6C6 H:?5\49:==[ 2==@H E62ED E:>6 E@ 5CJ 367@C6 C6=62D:?8 4@HD[ @C 5CJ E96 6I46DD @7 E96 A@DE 5:AA:?8 FD65 H:E9 2 4=62? E@H6= 367@C6 =62G:?8 E96 A2C=@C[ @C @?=J 5:A E96 E62E 6?5]k^Am
kAm~E96C E:AD :?4=F56 H2C>:?8 E96 5:A AC@5F4E :? 2 3F4<6E @7 9@E H2E6C 367@C6 2AA=J:?8 :E E@ E96 E62E] xE :D >@C6 4@>7@CE23=6 7@C 4@HD 2?5 C65F46D 5CJ:?8 E:>6]k^Am
kAmu@==@H:?8 2 AC@5F4E’D =236= 2?5 :?DECF4E:@?D 7@C FD6 :D 6DD6?E:2= E@ 6?DFC6 67764E:G6?6DD] &?56C D6G6C6 4@=5 @C H:?5 4@?5:E:@?D[ A@DE\>:=<:?8 E62E 5:AA:?8 H:E9 :>AC@A6C=J 7@C>F=2E65 E62E 5:AD >2J 724:=:E2E6 E62E 492AA:?8[ C6DF=E:?8 :? :?4C62D65 4@=@?:K2E:@? 3J E96 DE2A9J=@4@44: FDF2==J 2DD@4:2E65 H:E9 E62E D<:?]k^Am
Be the first to know
Get local news delivered to your inbox!